![]() The CNS controls all basic bodily functions and responds to external changes. The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord and everything else forms the PNS. The nervous system is organised into two sections, the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).When an impulse arrives at the end of an axon terminal, neurotransmitters carry the impulse to the next axon. Myelin is an insulator and makes the nerve impulse go faster. The speed of impulse conduction is determined by two characteristics: the presence of myelin and the diameter of the axon. Examples of cations include potassium (K +) and sodium (Na +) and an example of an anion is chloride (Cl -). Positively charged electrolytes are called cations and negatively charged electrolytes are called anions. These electrical currents are generated by substances called electrolytes. Each time a charged particle flows across the cell membrane in enough amounts, an electrical current is produced. The nervous system works by generating electrical current. Neurons are classified by how their structure and function. The signal travels down the axon until it reaches the axon terminal, which then connects to a receiving cell, called a synapse. The axon generates and sends signals to other cells. The dendrites receive information from the environment or other cells. Neurons are rather bizarre looking cells, with many branches and what looks like a tail.Įach part of a neuron has a specific function. Neurons are excitable cells that change their electrical charges and transmit information or effect muscular contractions. Specialised cells in the nervous system called neurons make the nervous system function. The sympathetic branch is known as the ‘fight or flight’ response system whereas the parasympathetic branch is known as the ‘rest and digest’ response system. The autonomic branch is involuntary and not under conscious control, and is further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. The motor system is divided into two branches, the somatic, which controls skeletal muscle and voluntary movements, and the autonomic, which controls smooth and cardiac muscle. This ‘output’ side is the motor or efferent system that carries information to all three types of muscle (smooth, skeletal and cardiac) and also to the body’s glands, which elicits a response. ![]() Once that decision is made, the ‘output’ side of the nervous system is activated, which carries instructions from the brain and spinal cord. ![]() The brain and spinal cord combine the information that they receive with other kinds of information, compare it to information from past experiences, and make decisions about how to respond. ![]()
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